← Back to results

2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205

Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316 · condos · For Sale · 45 days on market
Asking price$2,200,000
2 beds 3 baths 2,170 sqft
Suggested offer$1,050,000$1,150,000 above the est. market value of $1,050,000.
View on Realtor.com →
Listed by Brian Hero · ONE Sotheby's International Realty
Typecondos
Built1971
Price / sqft$1014
Est. value (own analysis)$1,050,000
Rent estimate (own analysis)$6,000/mo
HOA$2,194/mo
Photo 1 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 2 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 3 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 4 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 5 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 6 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 7 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 8 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 9 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 10 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 11 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 12 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 13 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 14 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 15 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 16 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 17 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 18 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 19 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 20 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 21 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 22 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 23 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 24 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 25 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 26 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 27 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 28 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 29 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 30 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 31 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 32 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 33 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 34 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 35 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 36 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 37 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 38 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 39 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 40 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 41 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 42 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 43 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 44 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 45 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 46 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 47 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 48 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 49 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 50 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 51 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 52 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 53 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 54 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 55 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 56 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 57 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 58 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 59 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 60 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 61 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205
1 / 61
Photo 1 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 2 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 3 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 4 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 5 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 6 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 7 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 8 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 9 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 10 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 11 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 12 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 13 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 14 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 15 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 16 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 17 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 18 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 19 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 20 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 21 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 22 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 23 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 24 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 25 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 26 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 27 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 28 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 29 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 30 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 31 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 32 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 33 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 34 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 35 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 36 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 37 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 38 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 39 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 40 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 41 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 42 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 43 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 44 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 45 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 46 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 47 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 48 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 49 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 50 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 51 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 52 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 53 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 54 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 55 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 56 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 57 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 58 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 59 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 60 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205Photo 61 of 2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205
1 / 61
Street view
View full map & nearby schools →

Neighborhood

Show every detail
Statusfor_sale
Listed date2026-07-19
Removed date—
MLSMiamiMLS #A12055613
Coordinates26.09597, -80.10691
Address2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2205
CityFort Lauderdale
StateFL
Zip33316
Listing ID5669021501
Sourceus-real-estate-listings, cached 2026-08-28

ZIP market snapshot (33316)

Median sale price$900,000
Median days on market (sale)121
Active sale listings368
Median rent$2,500/mo
Median days on market (rent)34
Active rental listings281
Real ZIP-wide statistics from RentCast, as of 2026-09 (fetched 2026-09-03) — this is the whole ZIP's market, not specific to this property. Re-analyzing spends one of the account's 50 free monthly lookups. Our own log shows at least 6 of the 50 free monthly RentCast requests used — that only counts calls made through this app, so it can undercount. RentCast's own account dashboard has the real total.
Re-analyze ZIP 33316 (≥6 of 50 per our log)

Underwriting (buy-and-hold, default assumptions)

Acquisition (one-time, not monthly/yearly)
Purchase price$2,200,000
Down payment (20.0%)$440,000
Loan amount$1,760,000
Closing costs (5.0%)$110,000
Total cash to close$550,000
Income
Rent (comp-derived)$6,000$72,000
Vacancy loss (8.0%)

Vacancy Loss

Gross Scheduled Rent × Vacancy Rate

Gross scheduled rent (annual) comp$72,000
Vacancy rate (assumption) assumption8.0%

$72,000 × 8.0% = $5,760

Effective gross income$5,520$66,240
Operating expenses
Property tax (placeholder 1.9% of price)$3,483$41,800
Insurance (placeholder 0.8% of price)$1,467$17,600
HOA dues$2,194$26,328
Management (0.0% of EGI)$0$0
Maintenance (5.0% of GSR)$300$3,600
Total operating expenses$7,444$89,328
Net operating income (NOI)

Net Operating Income (NOI)

Effective Gross Income − Total Operating Expenses

Effective gross income derived$66,240
Total operating expenses derived$89,328

$66,240 − $89,328 = -$23,088

Debt service & reserves
Debt service (6.66%, avg 30yr rate as of 2026-08-27, 30yr amortizing)

Monthly Principal & Interest

Standard amortization on the loan amount, at the effective rate and term

Loan amount derived$1,760,000
Interest rate (avg 30yr rate) comp6.7%
Term (assumption) assumption30 years

$1,760,000 amortized at 6.7% over 30 years = $11,310/mo

CapEx reserve (5.0% of GSR)$300$3,600
Mortgage insurance (PMI) (0.0% of loan, not required — down payment ≥ 20%)$0$0
Cash flow

Monthly Cash Flow

(NOI − Annual Debt Service − Annual CapEx Reserve − Annual PMI) ÷ 12

NOI derived-$23,088
Annual debt service derived$135,723
Annual CapEx reserve assumption$3,600
Annual PMI assumption$0

(-$23,088 − $135,723 − $3,600 − $0) ÷ 12 = -$13,534

Cap rate

Cap Rate

NOI ÷ Purchase Price

NOI derived-$23,088
Purchase price data$2,200,000

-$23,088 ÷ $2,200,000 = -1.0%

Cash-on-cash

Cash-on-Cash Return

Annual Cash Flow ÷ Total Cash Invested

Annual cash flow derived-$162,411
Total cash to close derived$550,000

-$162,411 ÷ $550,000 = -29.5%

DSCR

Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)

NOI ÷ Annual Debt Service

NOI derived-$23,088
Annual debt service derived$135,723

-$23,088 ÷ $135,723 = -0.17

Rent-to-price (1% rule)

Rent-to-Price (the "1% rule")

(Gross Scheduled Rent ÷ 12) ÷ Purchase Price

Gross scheduled rent (annual) comp$72,000
Purchase price data$2,200,000

($72,000 ÷ 12) ÷ $2,200,000 = 0.3%

Gross rent multiplier

Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM)

Purchase Price ÷ Gross Scheduled Rent

Purchase price data$2,200,000
Gross scheduled rent (annual) comp$72,000

$2,200,000 ÷ $72,000 = 30.6

Operating expense ratio

Operating Expense Ratio

Total Operating Expenses ÷ Effective Gross Income

Total operating expenses derived$89,328
Effective gross income derived$66,240

$89,328 ÷ $66,240 = 134.9%

Break-even occupancy

Break-Even Occupancy

(Total OpEx + Annual Debt Service + Annual PMI) ÷ Gross Scheduled Rent

Total operating expenses derived$89,328
Annual debt service derived$135,723
Annual PMI assumption$0
Gross scheduled rent (annual) comp$72,000

($89,328 + $135,723 + $0) ÷ $72,000 = 312.6%

Comparables

Same ZIP. Real active rental listings, used to derive the rent estimate above.

AddressTypeBedsBathsSqftAsking rentListedDays on market
condos221,905$9,5002026-07-03—
condos222,011$5,0002026-04-12—
condos221,905$7,9992026-03-11—
condos222,011$4,5002026-06-02—
condos222,011$6,0002026-08-07—
condos232,244$5,0002026-08-10—
condos221,722$5,1002026-07-22—
condos221,609$4,9002026-07-19—
condos221,650$5,0002026-03-11—
apartment222,094$3,2002026-08-14—
condos222,003$9,0002026-04-20—
condos231,460$4,4002026-07-04—
condos222,116$6,4002025-09-02—
condos221,905$10,0002026-04-10—
condos231,435$10,0002026-03-11—
condos221,879$6,0002026-03-04—
condos232,226$8,5002026-03-11—
condos221,609$7,5002026-08-08—
condos231,770$6,2002026-06-26—

101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1606

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,905
Listed2026-07-03
Days on market—

Asking rent: $9,500

View on Zillow →

2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 1004

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,011
Listed2026-04-12
Days on market—

Asking rent: $5,000

View on Zillow →

101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1206

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,905
Listed2026-03-11
Days on market—

Asking rent: $7,999

View on Zillow →

2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 808

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,011
Listed2026-06-02
Days on market—

Asking rent: $4,500

View on Zillow →

2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 708

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,011
Listed2026-08-07
Days on market—

Asking rent: $6,000

View on Zillow →

2000 S Ocean Dr Apt 701

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 3 ba
Square footage2,244
Listed2026-08-10
Days on market—

Asking rent: $5,000

View on Zillow →

100 S Birch Rd Unit 1003F

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,722
Listed2026-07-22
Days on market—

Asking rent: $5,100

View on Zillow →

3000 Holiday Dr Apt 905

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,609
Listed2026-07-19
Days on market—

Asking rent: $4,900

View on Zillow →

100 S Birch Rd Unit 1005D

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,650
Listed2026-03-11
Days on market—

Asking rent: $5,000

View on Zillow →

820 SE 12th St Unit 2

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,094
Listed2026-08-14
Days on market—

Asking rent: $3,200

View on Zillow →

2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 710

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,003
Listed2026-04-20
Days on market—

Asking rent: $9,000

View on Zillow →

1819 SE 17th St Apt 902

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 3 ba
Square footage1,460
Listed2026-07-04
Days on market—

Asking rent: $4,400

View on Zillow →

2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 2007

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage2,116
Listed2025-09-02
Days on market—

Asking rent: $6,400

View on Zillow →

101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1107

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,905
Listed2026-04-10
Days on market—

Asking rent: $10,000

View on Zillow →

77 S Birch Rd Apt 15B

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 3 ba
Square footage1,435
Listed2026-03-11
Days on market—

Asking rent: $10,000

View on Zillow →

2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 502

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,879
Listed2026-03-04
Days on market—

Asking rent: $6,000

View on Zillow →

16 Portside Dr Unit 16C

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 3 ba
Square footage2,226
Listed2026-03-11
Days on market—

Asking rent: $8,500

View on Zillow →

3000 Holiday Dr

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 2 ba
Square footage1,609
Listed2026-08-08
Days on market—

Asking rent: $7,500

View on Zillow →

1819 SE 17th St Apt 711

Fort Lauderdale, 33316 · rent comp

Bedrooms / bathrooms2 bd / 3 ba
Square footage1,770
Listed2026-06-26
Days on market—

Asking rent: $6,200

View on Zillow →

Same ZIP & bedroom count. Closed sales from Realtor.com over the last 12 months, matched to this property's type — real transaction prices, not asking prices. Falls back to Miami-Dade County public records (property appraiser tax roll) when Realtor.com has no sales on file for the area.

AddressTypeBedsBathsLiving sqftSale priceSale date
2420 SE 17th St Unit 207Ccondos22900$175,0002026-08-28
2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 1405condos232,170$1,470,5002026-08-25
2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 2103condos221,258$930,0002026-08-18
1578 S Ocean Ln Apt 214condos221,264$910,0002026-08-06
1819 SE 17th St Apt 1008condos231,565$725,0002026-08-05
2000 S Ocean Dr Apt 706condos221,688$633,0002026-07-30
1 Las Olas Cir Apt 905condos221,200$650,0002026-07-30
1 Las Olas Cir Apt 404condos221,500$870,0002026-07-24
1 Las Olas Cir Apt 610condos221,500$885,0002026-07-22
1500 SE 15th St Apt 315condos22940$210,0002026-07-20
101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 707condos221,905$1,000,0002026-07-17
1819 SE 17th St Apt 710condos231,440$510,0002026-07-16
2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 1902condos222,003$1,051,5002026-07-07
905 SE 12th Ct Apt 15condos231,430$415,0002026-06-26
2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 905condos222,170$1,650,0002026-06-22
100 S Birch Rd Apt 803condos221,722$1,005,0002026-06-04
101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1707condos221,905$1,735,0002026-06-01
101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1406condos221,905$1,400,0002026-05-29
200 S Birch Rd Apt 908condos21756$329,0002026-05-29
2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 709condos221,513$790,0002026-05-28
2430 SE 17th St Apt Gcondos221,170$249,9002026-05-27
2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 1109condos221,513$840,0002026-05-12
2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 1707condos222,116$1,400,0002026-05-01
1819 SE 17th St Apt 906condos231,750$775,0002026-04-23
2100 S Ocean Dr Apt 15Acondos221,510$660,0002026-04-17
2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 1009condos221,513$845,0002026-04-10
1920 S Ocean Dr Apt 510condos221,036$299,0002026-04-07
2021 SE 10th Ave Apt 205condos221,054$375,0002026-03-27
1532 SE 12th St Apt 304condos232,067$1,300,0002026-03-25
1 Las Olas Cir Apt 1414condos221,500$1,070,0002026-03-18
100 S Birch Rd Apt 2403condos221,722$975,0002026-03-13
1750 S Ocean Ln Apt 316condos221,480$700,0002026-03-10
2100 S Ocean Ln Apt 2207condos222,116$879,4782026-03-04
1920 S Ocean Dr Apt 901condos221,185$370,0002026-02-11
3073 Harbor Dr Apt 15condos22936$495,0002026-01-21
1 Las Olas Cir Apt 1205condos221,200$750,0002026-01-08
2200 S Ocean Ln Apt 806condos232,170$1,050,0002026-01-07
1435 SE 15th St Apt 302condos221,050$390,0002025-12-19
1535 SE 15th St Apt 306condos22—$480,0002025-12-15
1920 S Ocean Dr Apt 1002condos221,036$349,9992025-12-12
2021 SE 10th Ave Apt 212condos221,054$370,0002025-12-12
100 S Birch Rd Apt 1803condos221,722$900,0002025-12-01
1700 SE 15th St Apt 215condos221,200$395,0002025-11-21
1819 SE 17th St Apt 1606condos231,750$849,0002025-11-20
2009 SE 10th Ave Apt 318condos221,054$365,0002025-11-19
700 SE 14th St Apt Jcondos231,250$435,0002025-11-18
1777 SE 15th St Apt 206condos22840$348,7502025-11-14
101 S Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd Apt 1907condos221,905$1,725,0002025-11-10
2021 SE 10th Ave Apt 211condos221,054$370,0002025-11-07
2000 S Ocean Dr Apt 909condos221,205$450,0002025-10-30

Same ZIP. Other properties currently for sale nearby — asking prices, not closed sale prices. Not a price comp; see Sold comps for actual transaction history.

AddressTypeBedsBathsSqftAsking priceDays on market
601 N Miami Ave Unit 901condos221,103$739,898—
1900 S Ocean Dr Apt 702condos221,036$255,000—
1045 SE 15th St Apt 13Dcondos21800$135,000—
1050 SE 14th Pl Apt 15Bcondos21800$180,000—
1819 SE 17th St Apt 603condos231,475$379,900—
2420 SE 17th St Unit 401Ccondos22932$239,900—
1531 SE 15th St Apt 7condos231,008$238,988—
1625 SE 10th Ave Apt 501condos221,110$325,000—

10-year hold projection

IRR-9.7%
Equity multiple-0.65x
Total return (10yr)-$620,352
YearProperty valueNOICash flowLoan balanceEquity
1$2,266,000-$23,088-$162,411$1,740,918$525,082
2$2,333,980-$23,334-$162,747$1,720,525$613,455
3$2,403,999-$23,576-$163,081$1,698,732$705,267
4$2,476,119-$23,814-$163,414$1,675,442$800,677
5$2,550,403-$24,048-$163,744$1,650,554$899,849
6$2,626,915-$24,276-$164,072$1,623,955$1,002,960
7$2,705,723-$24,499-$164,397$1,595,531$1,110,192
8$2,786,894-$24,716-$164,718$1,565,154$1,221,740
9$2,870,501-$24,927-$165,036$1,532,692$1,337,809
10$2,956,616-$25,130-$165,349$1,498,000$1,458,616
Assumes 3.0% annual rent growth, 2.5% expense growth, 3.0% appreciation, and a 6.0% selling cost at exit — all placeholder assumptions, not market-derived.
All figures are estimates for evaluation purposes only, not investment, tax, legal, or insurance advice. Property tax is estimated from a real matched tax bill or millage rate when available, a placeholder % of price otherwise; insurance is scaled by flood and wind risk where those are known and a flat percentage otherwise — never a real quote. Verify all of them, along with association restrictions and permit status, before committing capital. Rent estimates come from real comps or Zillow’s ZIP index, not appraisals.